贵阳市1993-2012年甲乙类肠道传染病流行趋势分析

Trend Analysis on Type A and B Intestinal Infectious Diseases in Guiyang City from 1993 to 2012

目的：分析贵阳市1993-2012年甲乙类肠道传染病发病特征及流行趋势。方法：采用描述性流行病学方法,对贵阳市1993-2012年甲乙类肠道传染病6种94 647例病例的地区、年龄、性别、时间分布进行分析;用动态数列方法,对1993-2012年贵阳市6种甲乙类肠道传染病时间变化趋势进行分析;采用Pearson相关分析对2005-2012年贵阳市除霍乱以外的5种甲乙类肠道传染病发病率与卫生厕所普及率、粪便无害化处理率的关系以及对2009-2012年贵阳市1~14岁儿童甲肝发病率与甲肝疫苗接种率的关系进行分析。结果：1993-2012年贵阳市累计报告甲乙类肠道传染病6种94 647例,年均发病率142.65/10万;男女性别比为1.28∶1,以学生和散居儿童为主;全年均有发病,5~10月为发病高峰,占报告病例的72.93%;1993-2012年间贵阳市甲乙类肠道传染病发病率总体呈显著下降趋势,其中降幅最大的是2009年,较2008年降了49.71%;2005-2012年,贵阳市痢疾、伤寒和副伤寒及除霍乱以外的5种甲乙类肠道传染病合计发病率随着卫生厕所普及率与粪便无害化处理率的升高而呈逐年下降趋势（P〈0.05）,儿童甲肝发病率与甲肝疫苗接种率呈负相关（r=-0.089,P〈0.05）。结论：1993-2012年贵阳市肠道传染病发病率总体呈下降趋势,其中痢疾、伤寒和副伤寒以及甲肝对肠道传染病的发病趋势影响最大;农村改厕项目的开展以及疫苗的接种对控制甲乙类肠道传染病的发病有显著成效。

Objective： To analyze the epidemic trend of type A and B intestinal infectious disease in Guiyang city from 1993 to 2012. Methods： A descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the region, age, gender and time distribution of 94 647 cases of 6 kinds of type A and B intestinal infectious diseases in Guiyang city from 1993 to 2012. The dynamic series method was used to analyze time variation trend of 6 kinds of type A and B intestinal infectious disease. Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to analyze the correlation between the incidence rate of 5 kinds of type A and B infectious diseases except cholera and the popularity rate of sanitary toilet and the rate of decontamination of feces from 2005 to 2012 in Guiyang city. Pearson correlation analysis was also adopted to analyze the correlation between 1 - 14 years old children＇s incidence rate of hepatitis A and hepatitis A vaccine coverage from 2009 to 2012 in Guiyang city. Results ： The number of accumulated cases of 6 kinds of type A and B intestinal infectious diseases was 94 647 cases between 1993 and 2012 in Guiyang city. The annual average incidence rate was 142.65 per 100,000. Male-to-female sex ratio was 1, 28： 1. People infected were mainly students and scattered inhabiting children, accounting for 39.24% of the reported cases. The 6 kinds of type A and B intestinal infectious diseases happened all the year round, and the invasion peak period was from May to October, accounting for 72.93% of the reported cases. The incidence rate of type A and B intestinal infection from 1993 to 2012 in Guiyang city showed a significant downward trend. In this period, the largest decline in incidence rate was seen in 2009, down 49.71% compared with 2008. From 2005 to 2012 in Guiyang city, the accumulated incidence rate of dysentery, typhoid, paratyphoid and other 5 kinds of type A and B intestinal infectious diseases except cholera showed a downward trend year by year with the increase of popularity rate of sanitary toilet and rate of decontamination of fecesr （ P 〈 0.05 ）, The incidence of hepatitis A was negatively correlated with hepatitis A vaccination rate （ r = - 0. 089, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion ： From 1993 to 2012 in Guiyang city incidences of intestinal infectious diseases show a downward trend as a whole, among which dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid fever and hepatitis A play a significant role in incidence of intestinal infectious diseases. The development of latrines health work project in rural area and vaccination shows marked progress in control of type A and B intestinal infectious diseases.