人权保障视野下的反恐特别侦查程序研究

Research on Special Investigative Procedures of Anti- terrorism in View of Human Rights Protection

恐怖主义犯罪已经成为全球性治理问题,恐怖主义犯罪的极端性也决定了反恐侦查程序需要在一定程度上有所突破。反恐侦查所必然带来的一些普通刑事案件侦查程序上的突破,比如情报机构权力的扩大、对令状主义的弱化以及特别侦查手段的常规化等,但是这都不可避免地带来人权风险。特别时期有特别政策,特别政策也需要有特别制约,在反恐特别侦查程序中也需要在强化国家权力与保持基本人权中保持动态平衡。应从权力制约与权利保障方面入手,权力制约上主要是侦查监督,在这里引入"检察引导侦查"的概念,权利保障上对恐怖分子的权利救济的限制,理应也限制在合理的限度之内,另外对非法证据排除规则也有条件地进行调整适用。

Terrorism crime has become a global governance problem. The extreme of terrorism crime determines that anti- terrorism investigative procedures need a breakthrough to some extent. Investigation on anti- terrorism inevitably brings some breakthrough on the investigation procedure of general criminal cases,such as expansion of power of intelligence agencies,the weakening of warrant and the routinization of special investigation methods,which will inevitably cause human right risks. There are special policies in special period and special policies should be restricted specially. In anti- terrorism investigative procedure,dynamic balance should be kept between strengthening state power and protecting basic human right. On the power restriction,the idea of ＂ the prosecution guides investigation＂ is introduced in the investigative supervision. On the right protection,the limit of right relief to the terrorist should be rational. In addition,exclusionary rule for illegal evidence should be applied after adjustment.