民间环保集体行动产生逻辑及破局关键——基于太湖污染治理的考察

Folk Collective Action Logic and the Key in Environment Protection:Based on Pollution Governance of Taihu Lake

环境具有公共物品的属性,根据奥尔森的观点环保集体行动产生的可能性很小,但事实上,在污染区域各种形式的民间环保集体行动时有发生,主要形式包括:有组织者的集体行动、无组织者的集体行动和环保精英们的行动。从风险社会理论分析,环境风险和环境冲突是社会发展过程中不可避免的产物,而环境污染属于"被制造出来的风险",这种风险存在分配的不公平性,弱势群体"集体被剥夺感"的蔓延有力地催化了民间环保集体行动。环保NGO的成长会使作为环境受害者的弱势群体受到常规性的力量支持和帮助,通过制度化参与的途径实现环境正义,使环境冲突处于可调控的范围内。环保NGO的成长才是民间环保集体行动破局的关键。

Environment is of public goods property, so the possibility of collective action in environment protection is very small according to Olson. But in fact, various sorts of folk environment collective action in pollution area happen from time to time. These mainly are： organized collective action, non-organized collective action and environment elites＂ action. Analyzed from risk society theory, environment risk and conflict are inevitable in the process of social development. Environment pollution is a kind of ＂made risk＂. The spreading of ＂collective deprivation feeling＂ of vulnerable groups catalyzes effectively folk environment collective action. The growth of environment NGO can make the environment vulnerable groups supported and helped by conventional power, realizing environmental justice through the institutional participation way, and making environment conflict in controllable range.