法律的规范性与范例性——兼论两种属性的法学方法

The Nature of Specification and Exemplification in law——legal methods of the two properties

法律具有"规范"属性与"范例"属性的双重性质。"规范"的根本特点在于"平面性"和"封闭性";"范例"的根本特点在于"立体性"和"开放性"。传统法学方法发展的历程表明,"规范性"发展出以"包射思维"为核心的法学方法体系;"范例性"发展出以"类推思维"为核心的法学方法体系。"规范性"与"包射思维"更适合应用于"规则与事实能够相互对应"的普通案件之中;"范例性"与"类推思维"更适合应用于"规则与事实无法相互对应"的疑难案件之中。

The law has the two attributes which are Specification and Exemplification. This article analy- zes and compares Specification and Exemplification, summarize that ： the basic feature of Specification is two - dimensional and closed;the basic feature of Exemplification is three - dimensional and opened. Through the review of the development in traditional legal method, we found that Specification developed the Corresponding Thinking as the core of the legal method system and Exemplification developed the Analogical Thinking as the core of the legal method system. Specification and Corresponding Thinking is more suitable for application in Ordinary Cases which rules and facts can fit to each other; Exemplification and Analogical Thinking is more suitable for application in Difficult Cases which rules and facts can not fit to each other.