常用词“焦”“燥”“干”的历时演变

On the Evolution of “jiao”(焦) “zao”(燥) and “gan”(干)

汉语词汇史上表示"干燥"意义的常用词"焦""燥""干"的发展演变轨迹是:上古时期,"焦""燥""干"三词产生,且用例大致相当,其中"燥"的用例稍多;中古时期,"燥""干"占主导地位,二者在用法上有互补性,"焦"的使用频率很低,基本是沿用前代用法;近代时期,"燥""焦"的用法虽然也有所扩展,但从使用频率上来看,它们基本上已经从"干燥"语义范畴的成员中退出;"干"发展迅速,尤其在明清时期,不仅使用数量急剧增多,而且义域逐步扩展,组合能力大大增强,已经替代"燥""焦"而成为"干燥"语义范畴的重要成员,直到现代汉语中,"干燥"语义场的主导地位一直由"干"牢牢占据。

There are some c are common term about ＂dry＂ rough, while the using case of ＂ hanges and evolution among ＂jiao＂ （焦） ＂zao＂ （燥） ＂gan＂ （干） , which in the Chinese Vocabulary history. zao＂ （燥） is slight; in the Middle In ancient times, Ages, ＂zao （ 燥 ）＂ their using cases are and ＂gan＂ （ 干 ） are dominant, while the using frequency of ＂jiao＂ （焦） is very low, basically followed the previous usage; in modem times, although the usage of ＂zao＂ （燥）and ＂jiao＂（焦） has been expanded, but from the view of the using frequency, they basically have withdrawn from the ＂dry＂ semantic categories of members; ＂gan＂ （ 干 ） has developed rapidly, especially in the Ming and Qing dynasty, not only the use has a sharp increase, but al- so the field gradually expanded. What＇ s more, its combination is also greatly enhanced, has replaced ＂zao＂ （燥） and ＂jiao＂ （ 焦 ） and become an important member of ＂dry＂. Until modem Chinese, ＂dry＂ semantic field is firmly dominated by ＂gan＂ （干）.