激光经纬仪精确交会的实现方法研究

Research on precise intersection of laser theodolites

由于受经纬仪空间角度分辨率的限制,随着测量空间、尺寸的增大,很难保证经纬仪"视准轴"精确瞄准目标点,从而会带来较大测量误差。为了减小误差,基于激光经纬仪"视准轴"可视化条件,提出了一种激光经纬仪精确交会的实现方法。首先,引导经纬仪围绕目标点以最小步进角为间隔进行阵列扫描,通过图像采集和图像处理得到扫描点和目标点的坐标位置关系;然后,通过直线拟合、坐标计算,使经纬仪"视准轴"精确瞄准目标点;最后,实验验证了方法的可行性。实验结果表明,本文方法能够实现激光经纬仪的精确交会,可大幅减小系统的测量误差,同时可降低经纬仪的制造成本。

Theodolite measuring system has been widely used in engineering measurement due to its wide measuring range ,non-contact measuring type and portability. However, due to the limitation of the spatial angular resolution of the theodolite, it is very difficult to ensure the ＂collimation axis＂ of the theodolite aim at the target point accurately with the increase of the measurement space and size. So measurement result is prone to error. In order to reduce error, a method of precise intersection of laser theodolites was put forward based on ＂collimation axis＂ visualization of the laser theodolite. Firstly, we leaded the theodolite to take array scanning around the target point by the minimum step angle and obtained the position relations of the scanning points coordinates and the target point coordinates according to image acquisition and image processing. Then, through linear fitting and coordinate calculation, we implemented the ＂collimation axis＂ of the theodolite aim at the target point accurately. Finally, we designed experiments to verify the feasibility of this method. The experimental results show that this method can achieve the precise intersection of the laser theodolites and greatly reduce the measurement error of the theodolite measuring system. Also ,this method can reduce the theodolite manufacturing costs.