论卡夫卡母亲与其长篇小说中女性形象的渊源

On the Relationship between Kafka's Mother and the Female Images in His Novels

卡夫卡长篇小说中的女性形象一反西方历来的文学传统,大都具有懦弱、顺从、女性特质被男性社会异化等特征,这一文学典型与卡夫卡本人的经历有莫大关联。从存在论心理学角度来看,卡夫卡生命中第一位女性(即母亲)在卡夫卡童年与成年时期,未能给予其完整的母爱,也未能在专制粗暴的父亲面前充当独立的力量保护他。母亲所投射的痛苦经历使得懦弱、顺从的女性形象成为卡夫卡印象中女性形象的典型,并成为其创作的原型。

The female images in Kafka＇ s novels have been characterized by a long history of anti-western liter- ature, which have the characteristics of being weak, obedient in men-oriented society. This kind of female images in Kafka＇ s novels originates from his own experience. In Kafka＇ s childhood and adulthood, his mother failed to give complete maternal love and also failed to act as an independent force in the face of his brutal father. The pain- ful experience from mother makes Kafka＇ s female prototype of creation be weak and obedient.