传统中国的复杂性治理:经验与教训

The Complexity Governance in Traditional China: Experiences and Lessons

习近平总书记提出的治理体系与治理能力现代化概念自问世以来,产生广泛深远的影响,可以说是当代中国改革的指针与终极目标。考虑到中国历史传统与当代发展环境,复杂性特色恐怕是最基本特征。其实,治理体系与治理能力并非是现代社会的专利。在人类社会的不同发展阶段中,在中西各国政权巩固建设实践中,治理体系与能力都是核心关键词。特别是唐朝中后期的"永贞革新"、北宋神宗时期的王安石变法、南宋叶适对时政的思考与针砭建议等,都鲜明地烙上了中央政府提高治理体系现代化与完善提高治理能力的底色。虽然成败不同,但都是后人值得总结反思的宝贵实践。

Since General Secretary Xi Jinping first proposed the concept of the modernization of the national governance system and capacity, it has produced extensive and far-reaching influence and can be considered as the guideline for and the ultimate goal of the reform in contemporary China. In terms of the Chinese historical heritages and the contemporary development environment, complexity is perhaps the most striking characteristic. In fact, governance system and capacity is not only applicable to the modern society. In the different development stages of the human society, it has always been the keyword in the consolidation of regimes in both China and Western countries in the history, For example, the ＂Yongzhen Reform＂ in the middle and late Tang Dynast, the ＂Wang Anshi Reform＂ in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the political thinking and comments of Ye Shi during the Southern Song Dynasty had all had the salient characteristic that the then central government tried to modernize the governance system and improve the governance capacity. Although not all of them succeeded, they have all been valuable practical experiences to the later generations.