xMOOC与cMOOC在民族高校的应用比较分析

A Comparative Analysis of the Application of x MOOC and c MOOC in the University for Nationalities

近年来,大规模网络开放课程受到越来越多的关注与重视。2012年以来,以Coursera、edX等为先驱和代表的互联网教学平台迅速发展了MOOC(Massive Open Online Course,大规模开放在线课程)这种开放、共享的教学模式。本文结合当今民族高校教学及学生特征与需求,针对大规模在线两种典型模式进行比较分析,探究更适合现阶段民族高校应用的微课模式,为民族高校大规模网络在线课程的应用与发展提供一些设想与思路。

In recent years,more and more attention has been paid to large scale open online courses. Since 2012,Coursera,ed X,and other pioneers and representatives of internet teaching platforms have developed MOOC（ Massive Open Online Course）,an open and sharing mode of teaching. Based on the characteristics of the universities for nationalities and the needs of their students,this paper explores a micro teaching mode which is more suitable for use in the universities for nationalities so as to provide some ideas for the application and development of large scale online courses in universities for nationalities.1. The main problems of the teaching process for universities for nationalities The main problems experienced by universities for nationalities in the course of teaching include the following two contradictions：On one hand,there is the contradiction between the requirements of providing the comprehensive quality needed by the college students in modern society and the examination-oriented thinking in traditional classes that is still dominant. In terms of universities for nationalities,the students in some areas receive preferential policies,including the policy of awarding marks. However,it is also difficult to eliminate the ＂exam-oriented＂way of thinking. Many students think wrongly that the purpose of studying in a university is to ＂get a graduate certificate ＂. This incorrect thinking has raised the doubts of the whole society,employment units or even the public as to the real quality of acollege certificate.On the other hand,there is also a contradiction between the ethnic college students’ individual differences and the traditional way of collective teaching. Most of the ethnic college students have special characteristics with regard to their languages,home region,culture,and living habits etc.,whereas traditional teaching in a college aims to achieve the most effective results for the whole class or the majority of the students.2. The Large scale online course model and its application in Nationalities for Universities There are two main models within Massive Open Online Course（ MOOC） ： the c MOOC model which is based on associated learning theory,and the x MOOC model which is based on behavioral learning theory. According to the research results of Tony Bates,John Daniel and other researchers,x MOOC takes the behavioral learning theory as the main support theory,and focuses on the dissemination and replication of knowledge. In c MOOC model,the supporting theory is mainly related to associated learning theory. Compared with the x MOOC model,the application of c MOOC is earlier. It is mainly based on the construction and creation of learning knowledge,and social network learning is specially emphasized in the process.From the perspective of class teaching at a university,the trend of large scale online courses has been a considerable challenge to class teaching in the universities for nationalities,but it is also a valuable opportunity. Through an analysis of themodes of large scale online courses,the universities for nationalities could also change their way of thinking with regard to teaching methodologies.This is because the most fundamental identity of college students is not as ＂students＂,but as social beings. After graduation, their identity as＂students＂will gradually fade away or change,however,their social identity will accompany them always. In the college classroom,it is not enough to emphasize only the knowledge in the book,but one also needs to involve some heuristic guidance,help college students to build a scientific way of thinking,cultivate their learning abilities,form a proper attitude to life and values,build a clear goal of life,and have a strong mind,so as to become a good person,but not just a good student.