民国时期水电开发的历史考察

A Historical Review of the Hydropower Industry During the Republic of China

我国的水电开发起步于民国时期。在37年的发展历程里,我国的水电业先后经历了三个重要的历史阶段,即20世纪初期以民营水电站兴起为特点的萌发阶段、抗战时期在国民政府主导下的水电开发短暂繁荣阶段以及抗战胜利后国民政府全国性水电建设的发起及夭折阶段。此外,日本侵华时期为攫取我国水力资源在东北实施"水主火从"的电力开发策略,是民国水电开发极特殊的一阶段。民国时期我国的水电事业虽历经坎坷,水电开发技术落后、规模小、发展缓慢,但培养了一批水电人才,积累了水利水文资料和技术经验,奠定了新中国水电发展的基础。

The hydropower industry started in the Republic of China.During 37 years,it had gone through there important historical stage.The first is germination,featured by the arising of private hydropower stations during 1910 sto 1930s,the second is boom,featured by the government took part in the industry officially during the anti-Japanese war;and the third is the national government launched a nationwide hydropower constriction and soon gave up.In addition,during the anti-Japanese war,Japanese want to grab hydropower resources in the Northeast of China,and put forward ＂ water first,fire auxiliary＂ hydropower development strategy,is a special period of the hydropower development during Republic of China.Although hydropower industry during the Republic of China is full of hardship,had trained a number of hydropower personnel,accumulated water survey data and technical experience,laid the foundation of new China′s hydropower development.