海南陵水新村港与黎安港海草特别保护区大型底栖动物群落结构与多样性

Thecommunity structure and diversity of macrobenthos in Linshui Xincungang and Li'angang Seagrass Special Protected Area,Hainan

根据2004~2013年监测结果表明,陵水新村港与黎安港海草特别保护区内共记录到大型底栖动物53科95种,从种类组成来看,软体动物占优势。2009~2013年,保护区海草床大型底栖动物的平均丰度为137.53 ind/m^2,平均生物量为167.57 g/m^2;基于丰度进行的CLUSTER聚类分析和MDS标序图显示,2009~2013年间保护区内大型底栖动物分为2个组,与沉积物有机碳含量显著相关。多样性指数反映各年份生物多样性差异较大。通过BIOENV分析,影响其群落结构的主要环境因子有沉积物有机碳含量、中值粒径(Md_ф)、四分位差(QD_ф)以及海草盖度。ABC曲线显示,除2011年的新村港没有受到扰动外,保护区内其他年份的大型底栖动物均受到不同程度的扰动或者倾向于受到中等程度的扰动。与2002年调查数据比较发现,保护区海草床大型底栖动物的丰度和生物量均显著下降。由此可知,保护区近年来受人类活动影响较大,出现了不同程度的污染,导致大型底栖动物群落结构发生变化。

According to the macrobenthos monitoring results during 2004 - 2013 in Lingshui Xincungang and Li＇ angang Seagrass Special Protected Area, Hainan, a total of 95 macrobenthos species were found. Mollusks were the most dominant groups in the term of species numbers. During the years 2009 -2013, the average abundance was 137.53 ind/m2, and the average biomass was 167.57 g/m2. Two community groups were divided according to CLUSTER and MDS analysis based on macrobenthos abundance data , which were highly related with the organic carbon content in sediment （P 〈 0.01 ）. The important environmental factors controlling the macrobenthos community structure were organic carbon content, MdФ, QDФ, and seagrass coverage. The biodiversity indices indicated that there was obvious difference among monitoring years. The ABC curves showed that the monitoring years were under disturbance at different levels except XC2011 under no disturbance. Compared with the data in 2002,the average abundance and biomassof macrobenthos have decreased greatly. The above results indicated that the special protected area was under higher effect of anthropogenic activities and the pollution of different degrees, which causes the changes of macrobenthos community structure.