生态适宜性评价研究及在海洋环境中应用的思考

Research on ecological suitability evaluation and thinking of its application in the marine environment

生态适宜性评价是一种量化土地、海域用途适宜度的工具,在减缓用地、用海冲突,科学规划空间布局方面发挥着积极作用。经过近半个世纪的发展,生态适宜性评价指标体系已经从单一自然体系发展到自然-社会-经济-生态复合体系,评价内容从单目标的分散评价扩充至多属性、多目标的综合评价,应用领域从陆地拓展至海洋。本文在总结生态适宜性评价研究进展的基础上,结合海洋生态系统整体性和流动性的特点,针对海洋生态适宜性评价的目标,用海活动的兼容性和冲突性,以及海洋生态适宜性评价中的水平生态过程等问题提出了几点思考,以期为完善海洋生态适宜性评价理论体系提供借鉴。

Ecological suitability evaluation is a tool to quantify land-use and marine-use suitability. It plays a positive role in reconciling conflicts between land-use and marine-use as well as in designing spatial distribution scientifically. Over the past half of the century, the assessment index of ecological suitability evaluation develops from single natural system to nature-social-economic-ecological integrated system. In addition, the assessment content develops from sepa- rated objects to comprehensive, multi-attribute and multi-objective ones, and the application field expands from land to ocean. By summarizing the ecological suitability evaluation progress and considering the integrity and mobility charac- teristics of the marine eco-system, this paper tries to bring out some insights for solving deficiencies of the marine eco- logical suitability evaluation, which aims at determining the goal of marine ecological suitability evaluation, reconciling the compatibility and conflicts while exploiting the sea, and considering the horizontal ecological processes in marine ecological suitability evaluation. To sum up ,these insights will improve the theory system for the future marine ecologi- cal suitability evaluation.