技术视角下的海洋油气装备产业链分析与发展策略

Analysis of Offshore Oil and Gas Equipment Industrial Chain and Development Strategy

海洋油气装备产业技术密集,产品结构庞大、种类多且要求定制化,海洋油气装备产业链和企业的许多问题和风险都与产业技术有关。文章从海洋油气勘探开发技术、装备产品结构和装备生命周期3个技术视角分析了3种产业链结构,指出了产业链的三维立体化特征、产业技术体系及产品技术特征。在此基础上,提出海洋油气装备产业链的6条产业布局策略,企业的8条研发设计类策略、3条制造类策略、2条经营管理策略,并利用解释结果模型分析了策略之间的相互作用关系。分析表明,产业链分工协作和发展制造服务业等策略是产业布局的基础且相互促进;研发设计类策略促进制造与管理类策略;研发设计类策略分为基础性、中间性和结果性策略,基础性和结果性策略中的内部策略之间具有相互促进作用。

Offshore oil and gas equipment industry is a technology-intensive industry with a large product structure, a large variety of products and a high customization. The industrial chain of offshore oil and gas equipment and many problems and risks of enterprises are related to industrial technology. Based on offshore oil and gas exploration and development technology, product structure of equipment and service life of equipment, this paper analyzes the industrial chain structure in these three areas, pointing out three-dimensional characteristics of the industrial chain, industrial technological system and product technological characteristics. It also comes up with six industrial layout strategies for offshore oil and gas equipment industrial chain, eight research and design strategies for enterprises, three manufacturing strategies and two business management strategies. Interpretation structure model is used to analyze the interactive relations among those strategies. Based on the above analysis, the strategies for cooperation in industrial chain and development of manufacturing service industry are the basis for industrial layout and reciprocate one another. The research and design strategy promotes the manufacturing and management strategy. The research and design strategy is divided into the basic strategy, intermediate strategy and ultimate strategy. The internal countermeasures of the basic and ultimate strategies can interact with one another for better performance.