海洋生物环境指示作用的研究进展

Advances in the Environmental Indication Using Marine Organisms

随着世界范围内海洋沿岸经济的迅速发展,人类活动对海洋环境的干扰越来越大,近岸生态环境急剧恶化,进而影响到栖居于此的生物。同时,生物对环境压力的响应具有明显的时空梯度,研究生物的变化状况可以快速、准确地评估环境质量状况。本文对国内外海洋生物环境指示作用研究现状进行系统地描述,并以大型底栖动物为例,重点介绍生物指数的发展情况及其在生物环境指示作用研究中的应用。建议加强野外观测平台的建设,建立适用于我国海域特征的指数评价体系。

The environmental and ecological statuses in coastal zone are becoming seriously worse due to the rapid development of coastal economy and the disturbance from increasing hu-man activities,which impacts greatly on habitant organisms in turn.Meanwhile,organisms can response to the environmental changing with an obvious spatial-temporal gradient.Hence,the marine ecological status can be evaluated quickly and accurately by researching on the organ-isms characters.The advanced researches of marine bio-indiction in the world were reviewed in the present work.By the example of macrobenthic assemblages to introduce the biotic indices as well as their application in the research of bio-indication.Finally,it was suggested to strengthen the construction of the field monitoring platform,and to determine the best biotic indices appli-cable for the Chinese marine waters.