吴趼人寓言创作考论--以晚清文学现代化为背景

A Research on the Fables of Wu Jianren: on the Background of Literary Modernization in the Late Qing Dynasty

吴趼人不仅是晚清杰出的小说家,也是成就最高的寓言家。他将西方寓言观念本土化,创作了中国寓言史上第一批近代寓言;他以寓言为启蒙工具,对晚清政治文化进行了毫不留情的批判;他继承士大夫的"谲谏"传统,在寓言中表现出强烈的忧患意识;他融笑话手法入寓言,叙事描写诙谐幽默。吴趼人寓言是古今中西寓言文化交融的产物,它的出现标志着传统寓言接受西方文学观念的影响,步入文学现代化进程,在中国寓言史上占有举足轻重的位置。"小说界革命"之后,吴趼人投身小说创作,成为专业小说作家,他的文学转型在晚清文学史也有典型意义。

Wu Jianren is not only an outstanding novelist, but also a top fabulist in the late Qing Dynasty. He localized the western conception and created the first modern fables, and enlightened people and criticized government through publishing fables. His fables expressed strong suffering consciousness, inherited the traditional persuasion of scholar officials. He is humorous in both narration and description with the technique of folk joke. Wu Jianren’s fables, as a product of the collision of ancient-modern Chinese and Western culture, indicated that late Qing fables’ acceptance of western literary concepts and took the lead into the literary modernization, playing an important role of Chinese fables. After “Novel Revolution”, Wu Jianren started his career as a novelist,whose transformation is of very significance in literary history the late Qing Dynasty.