论我国产品责任发展风险抗辩之排除

The Exclusion of Developing Risk Defense about Product Liability in China

《侵权责任法》第46条确立了产品的后续观察义务。后续观察义务的确立,其目的在于督促生产者对已经出售的产品随着科学技术水平的发展尽到注意义务,防止将缺陷产品投入市场造成大规模的损害,这就从根本上限制了《产品质量法》第41条第2款关于产品责任发展风险抗辩的基础。因此,在产品责任诉讼中,以发展风险进行抗辩必须以产品的后续观察义务的严格履行为前提,对因发展风险所致的缺陷产品致人损害的,如果没有积极履行产品的后续观察义务,将丧失掉发展风险抗辩的基础。

Following-up observing obligation improved on sold products was released in the Art.46 th in the Tort Claims Act of The People's Republic of China. The purpose of the legislation is to ensure producer on the duty of their sold products with the development of science and technology level, and prevent the defective products on the market from making great impact. These limit developing risk defense of product liability in the second paragraph of article 41 of the Product Quality Law. Therefore, developing risk defense should be the basis of following-up observing obligation of the products in the product liability lawsuit. If the defective products, due to developing risk, make consumer injured and the producer didn't actively fulfill following-up observation obligation, the basis of risk defense will be lost.