黄河下游漫滩洪水淤滩刷槽基本规律分析

Analysis of the Basic Regularity of Deposited Floodplain and Scoured Channel of Bankfull Flood in the Lower Yellow River

通过分析黄河下游11 场典型漫滩洪水的资料,探讨了发生漫滩洪水时滩槽水沙的交换模式及淤滩刷槽的机理.结果表明：①花园口-利津河段滩地淤积量随着花园口站来沙量的增大而增大,滩地淤积量越大,相应河段主河槽的冲刷量越大;②11 场典型漫滩洪水过程中,除1953 年第二次大洪水槽滩均发生淤积,1988 年、1996 年主河槽冲刷量占滩地淤积量的比例较低外,花园口-利津河段主河槽冲刷量基本上为滩地淤积量的65% ～99%;③漫滩洪水全断面冲淤量随含沙量的变化趋势与不漫滩洪水主槽冲淤量随含沙量的变化趋势基本一致.

Floodplain shoal water and sediment exchange pattern and depositional floodplain scouring channel mechanism was discussed through the analysis on the data about the 11 typical bankfull floods of the Yellow River downstream. The result shows that a) the flood plain deposition increases greatly with the growth of sand of Huayuankou-Lijin reach; the larger deposition amount,the greater amount of erosion quantity; b) during the processes of 11 typical bankfull floods,Huayuankou ~ Lijin reach main channel erosion reaches to the amount of65%-99% of the deposition amount except the second deposition occurred water beach in 1953,the main channel erosion accounted for a lower proportion of the deposition amount in 1988 and 1996; c) the change trend is basically the same between the variation of sediment concentration by whole section bankfull flood sediment and the no bankfull flood sediment section.