贾鲁治河工程布置探析

Analysis of JIA Lu River Control Project Layout

元末贾鲁受命治理黄河,带领军民用7个月时间通过疏浚、修堤、堵塞白茅决口,使黄河回归故道。前人关于贾鲁治河的起因、背景与历史意义等的论述较多,但对贾鲁治河工程的布置、工程量、沉船障水是挑流还是堵口等一直未取得统一认识。笔者基于《至正河防记》等文献,统计了其疏浚河道、修堤、堵口等工程量,明确了主要工程如减水河、石船堤、截河大堤、刺水堤、缕水堤等的相对位置和完成的先后次序,通过借鉴前人有关研究成果,重新绘制了包括全河道工程、塞专固缺口、塞黄陵全河的布置图,以期更真实还原历史事实。

In the late of the Yuan Dynasty,JIA Lu was appointed to lead villagers and soldiers to harness the Yellow River. The Yellow River could pass through the former river channel successfully after dredging the canal,maintaining the dyke and closuring the Baimao dike,and that completed in 7 months. Most previous study concerned on the causes,the background and the historical significance of this project,but rarely to see the calculation of engineering quantities,also disputes on boat sinking used for flow regulation or closure work. Based on the document of ZHI ZHENG HE FANG JI,the engineering quantities of dredging,maintaining and closuring works had been calculated,the major projects' location and the completed order of Jiangshui River,Shichuan Dyke,Jiehe Dyke,Cishui Dyke and Lyushui Dyke had been defined. According to the analysis of previous studies,a new project layout included dredging the canal,blocking Zhuangu burst and closuring Huangling dike had been drawn. Hope the new layout of JIA Lu River Regulation is closer to historical facts.