对朝鲜半岛人类起源神话传承之文化阐释

Analysis of Cultural Connotations of the Fairy Tales of Human Origin on Korean Peninsula

人类起源神话是讲述人怎样生成的远古故事,它与开天辟地神话一道,共同组成创世神话的两大中心内容。人类起源神话所讲的"人是怎么来的"故事,实际上反映了远古先民力图探索人类起源的努力以及由此产生的困惑,显露出"人是大自然发展变化的产儿"这种观念,而这样的观念往往构成传统的生命观和人生价值观的原型尺度。通过对朝鲜半岛人类起源神话之故事状貌以及文化意蕴的考察分析可以发现,朝鲜半岛存在着人类起源神话的历史传承现象,其中既有人类最初生成故事,也有人类再造故事,前者可分为泥土造人型、天降型、大母神型,后者有兄妹婚故事和非血亲婚故事两种,蕴含着大地母神崇拜、生育信仰以及东方式血亲观念。

Fairy tales of the origin of humans, i. e ＂where humans come from＂, reflect not only the effort the primitive ancestors made to explore the human origin and the confusion the question brought about, but also the idea that ＂humans were the children of nature＂, as often constitutes the archetype of traditional outlook on life and values. The analysis of such fairy tales on Korean Peninsula and their cultural connotations shows that the tales consist of two types： how humans were created; how humans were reproduced. The former can be divided into types of the clay-moulded, the heaven-born and the Grand Mother; the latter includes the brother-sister marriage and the non-blood marriage. All this demonstrates the worship to the Grand Mother, the belief in reproduction and the ideas of oriental blood relations.