“理性”在洛克德育思想中的体现

“Reason”Reflected in Locke's Thoughts of Moral Education

"理性"是洛克德育思想中的一个核心概念。洛克将"理性"定义为人的一种能力。洛克认为"理性"不仅能促进知识的获得,使思维变得清晰明确,"理性"还能指导人的欲望和意志。儿童德性的建立以及成人对儿童教养两个方面,分别论述儿童的欲望如何服从"理性"以及成人如何用"理性"指导爱。儿童的欲望服从"理性"体现在以下方面:学会自我节制;停止纠缠与吵闹;乐于分享与友善待人。成人"理性"的爱体现在以下几方面:合理的奖惩方式;注意自身的言行;建立严厉与友爱的亲子关系。洛克的"理性"德育思想对当前重智性,轻德性以及独生子女教育的现状而言,具有诸多启示。

＂Reason＂ is a core concept of Locke＇ s thoughts of moral education. Locke defined ＂Reason＂ as a per- son＇ s ability. Locke thought that ＂Reason＂ can not only promote the acquisition of knowledge, clear thinking, it can also guide the desire and will of people. From the two aspects of establishment of children＇ s moral and adult on children education, discussed how children＇s desire to obey the ＂Reason＂ and how adults to use ＂Reason＂ guid- ance love, that is ＂Reason＂ fully reflected in Locke＇ s thoughts of moral education. Child＇ s desire to obey ＂Rea- son＂ is reflected in the following areas： learning self-control; stopping pestering and noisy; willing to share and be friendly. Adults＇ ＂reasonable＂ love is reflected in the following aspects： reasonable rewards and punishments; paying attention to their words and deeds; establishing a strict parent-child relationship and friendship. There are many inspirations in Locke＇s ＂rational＂ moral education thoughts on current situation which is of great importance to the intellectual, the neglect of virtue and single-child education.