上海市流动人口建立健康档案与健康教育现况分析

Analysis on the establishment of health records and health education status of floating population in Shanghai

目的了解上海市流动人口健康档案建立情况与接受健康教育情况,探索其主要影响因素,为探寻提高本地流动人口公共服务利用率的途径提供科学依据,推进基本公共卫生服务均等化,保障与提高流动人口健康水平。方法利用2014年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查中上海流动人口的专项调查数据,并对相关数据进行统计分析。结果流动人口健康档案建立率仅为18.9%(1 509人);流动人口接受生殖与避孕、营养健康知识的健康教育率最高,分别达到66.7%(2 929人)、65.4%(2 873人),而结核病防治、精神障碍防治、其他传染病防治分别仅为29.6%(1 300人)、19.2%(844人)、31.1%(1 365人)。流动人口接受教育途径主要是宣传栏与广播电视,分别占80.2%(3 523人)和70.3%(3 090人)。建立健康档案与接受健康教育情况的众影响因素中,影响最大的因素是现居住区,居住在城区的流动人口的健康档案建立情况与接受健康教育情况均好于郊区。结论流动人口健康档案建立率远低于本地居民,对健康档案的知晓率与关注度有待提高。流动人口接受健康教育的种类较不平衡,途径较为单一。对流动人口提供基本公共卫生服务应该平衡区域发展,并探索适宜的服务机制,促进其对基本公共卫生服务的利用。

Objective To investigate the status and determinants of floating population on establishing health records and health education, analyze the main influencing factors, and provide suggestions and strategies for improving public service utilization among floating population, thereby promote the equalization of basic public health services and improve popula- tion health. Methods Using the data from Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning during the 2014 National Dynamic Floating Population Monitoring Survey. The statistical analysis was performed. Results The pro- portion of the establishment of health records of the floating population was on 18.9% ;the proportion of accepted repro- duction and contraception ,nutrition and health knowledge were 66.7% and 65,4 % ,respectively;while the TB preven- tion, mental disorder prevention and other infectious diseases prevention were only 29.6%, 19.2% and 31.1%, respec- tively. The main way for them to get health education was by billboards and TV/broadeasting, accounted for 80.2% and 70.3 %, respectively. Among all the influencing factors of establishing health records and health education, the most im- portant factor was the present living area, urban or rural area. Conclusion The establishment of health records of floating population is much lower than the local residents, their awareness and attention of health records need to be improved. Type of health education of floating population is not balanced, and the method is simple. The provision of basic public health services for floating population should be developed proportionately among the different regions. The appropriate services mechanism should be formulated to promote their use of basic public health services.