美苏对两伊战争的政策对比研究

A Comparative Study on the US and Soviet Policy to Iran-Iraq War

押两伊战争不仅是交战双方——伊朗和伊拉克之间的厮杀,同时由于处在冷战两极格局之中,美苏两个超级大国实际上也在暗中进行较量,并通过它们的外交政策体现出来。对美国来说,保证波斯湾自由通航与遏制苏联是其首要的战略目标,而对苏联来说,获得两伊在阿富汗问题上的妥协与防止美国在中东的扩张是其战略重心。两国围绕各自的战略目标,根据战争形势不断调整政策,按照政策倾向均可分为三个阶段。通过比较各阶段的政策,探究美苏在外交立场和举措上的相同与不同之处,揭示其合作与竞争的本质特点。

Iran-Iraq War was not only a war between the warring parties：Iran-Iraq, but also was a secretcontest between the two superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union in the bipolar structure ofthe cold war, and it was reflected in their foreign policy. For the United States, to ensure freedom ofnavigation in the Persian gulf and contain the Soviet union were the primary strategic target, and for theSoviet union, to obtain the Iran and Iraq＇s compromise onAfghanistanand to prevent the expansion of theUnited States in the Middle East were its strategic focus. Revolved around their respective strategic goals,the two superpowers constantly adjusted the policyaccordingto the war situation, both of their policy canbe divided into three stages. By comparing the policy at each stage, to reveal its essence characteristics ofcooperation and competitionthroughexploring the similarities and differences between the United Statesand the Soviet Union＇s diplomatic position and measures.