从中古音看陕西紫阳县方言韵母的演变

Evolution on the Dialect Finals of the Ziyang County in Shaanxi from the Chinese mid-ancient Pronunciation

押以中古音为参照探讨陕西紫阳县方言韵母的演变情况,总结其韵母演变规律,发现紫阳县方言韵母从总体上看具有官话方言的共同特点,可将紫阳县方言归入西南官话中,但其韵母与西南官话其他方言点相比又体现出同中有异的差别,差别主要体现在以下几方面:古果咸山宕摄一等端见系字的合流问题;古遇摄合口一等端系字、三等庄组字、臻摄合口一等入声端系字、通摄合口一等入声端系字、通摄合口三等入声端知系字合流,且出现文白异读现象;古假摄开口三等端系字、咸摄开口三四等入声端系字、山摄开口三四等入声帮端系字出现文白异读现象;通摄唇音字与曾梗摄合流;山摄开口入声三四等帮端系字白读为[e];古宕江摄开口见系入声字的今读韵腹高化。

Applying the Chinese mid-ancient pronunciation as reference to explore the dialect finals evolution of Ziyang county in shaanxi, and summarize its finals evolution law, it found that Ziyang county dialect finals, in general, has the common characteristic of mandarin dialect, Ziyang county dialect can be classified as southwest mandarin, but compared with other southwest mandarin dialects, it embodies differences from similarities, the differences is mainly manifested in the following respects： Convergence of words that belonged to duan, jian initial categories as well as first grade vowel in ancient guo, xian, shah and dang final groups; Words that belonged to first grade closed vowel in final group yu as well as initial category duan, third grade vowels in zhuang initial category, first grade closed vowel in zhen, tong final group and initial category duan with ru tone, third grade closed vowels in tong final group and initial category duan and zhi have converged into one group, meanwhile, literal and colloquial pronunciations occur in these words;iteral and colloquial pronunciations occur with the former pronunciation [ie], the latter [e] in the words that belonged to third grade open vowels in jia as well as initial category duan, third and fourth grade open vowels in x/an as well as initial category duan with ru tone, third and fourth grade open vowels in shah as well as initial category bang and duan with ru tone; Convergence of labialized words in final group tong and words in zeng and gent, Words that belonged to third and fourth grade open vowels inshah final group as well as initial category duan and bang now pronounce [e] colloquially.Nucleus vowels become higher in words belonging to open vowels in final group dang and jiang as well as jian initial category.