论朱熹诗歌的冲雅之风

The Elegant Style in Zhu Xi's Poetry

朱熹不仅是宋代著名理学家,而且是一位创作量甚丰的诗人,现存诗歌约一千二百首。在诗歌方面,朱熹的影响虽然不及南宋四大家等人,但后世评论者亦代不乏人,明代王祎就用"冲雅"二字来形容朱熹诗风。诗风之"冲雅",当指诗歌冲澹自然、平和萧散、含蓄蕴藉而又中正典雅的特点。分析朱熹现存诗歌,发现其诗歌的"冲雅"之风不仅有多方面的艺术表现,而且具有多种形成原因。具体说来,朱熹诗歌"冲雅"之风的艺术表现有素雅清远的意象选择、平易流畅的语言表达、浑然灵动的景理融合、淡泊平和的心境描写以及丰富含蓄的情感抒发,"冲雅"之风形成的主观原因有儒释道精神的互相调和和个人自觉的理论追求,文学渊源是他对"诗贵自然"的审美追求和儒家"温柔敦厚"的诗教传统的继承。

Zhu Xi, a rationalist Confucian philosopher in the Song Dynasty, was also a versatile poet with one thousand and two hundred poems passed down till the present time. Although inferior to other more influential contemporary poets＇ works, his poetry has been given positive reviews by generations of critics. Wang Yi defined Zhu Xi＇s poetry as elegant. Elegance of poetry refers to the characteristics of being unworldly, peaceful, restrained and being graceful. Through an analysis ofZhu Xi＇s currently available poetry, we find that the elegant style reflected in his poetry takes various artistic forms, which stems from several reasons. The artistic forms applied include the choice of plain images, the use of plain but fluent language, the fusion of feelings and reasons, the description of peaceful mind and the reserved expression of emotions. The subjective reasons that formed tile style are the compromise of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism and Zhu＇s personal pursuit of rationality; the literal reasons are Zhu＇s pursuit of the aesthetic idea of ＂being natural＂ and the Confucian tradition of ＂being tender, honest and sincere＂ in his poetry composition.