美国网络霸权实现的路径分析

Analysis of the Paths towards U. S. Cyber Hegemony

互联网自诞生之日起,就打上了美国霸权的烙印。美国掌控互联网主动脉,通过操控互联网来控制世界。近些年,网络议题从相对边缘的区域逐步渗入到国际舞台的核心区域,美国积极加紧网络霸权的实施:垄断核心技术资源实现网络信息霸权,强推美版国际规范构筑网络制度霸权,运用"网络自由"构建网络意识形态霸权,大力拓展网络军备建设推进网络军事霸权。基于美国网络霸权的内在矛盾,以及国际社会的抵制,美国在互联网领域的霸权地位也将逐步下降。

Elements of U. S. hegemony have been embedded in the invention of the Internet. Cyberspace has been the instrument through which U. S. could intervene in and manipulate world affairs. Over the past years, issues on cyber security have moved from a peripheral subject to the center of international politics. Accordingly, the United States have been tightening its grip on cyberspace. Four paths have been identified that are critical to its cyber hegemony. Technologically, it consolidates information hegemony by monopoli- zing critical resources; it constructs institutional hegemony through promoting particular norms and princi- ples; it establishes ideological hegemony via facilitating ＂ Internet freedom＂; and it enhances military hegemony by pioneering cyber weaponization and militarization. However, the cyber hegemony has its intrinsic weaknesses and is subject to increasing opposition globally. As a result, the decline of U. S. hegemony in eyberspace may be inevitable.