牙周组织工程研究进展

Development of periodontal tissue engineering

牙周炎是炎症破坏性疾病,会导致牙周韧带、牙骨质、牙槽骨等牙齿支持组织破坏吸收。牙周炎也是成人失牙最主要的原因。在控制感染的基础上重建牙周组织是牙周病治疗的最终目标。牙周组织重建过程涉及多种软、硬组织(牙周韧带、牙龈、牙骨质和骨),其关键是牙骨质、牙槽骨及牙周韧带锚定结构的重构。该文对牙周组织工程的支架材料、支架的三维结构、支架的抗菌性、牙骨质再生的研究进展予以综述。虽然近年来牙周组织工程领域取得了较大的进展,但迄今为止,这些研究尚处于初级阶段,牙骨质及其与牙周膜界面的修复再生还未能实现。牙周组织再生治疗的有效技术尚需大量动物实验、临床实验验证效果。

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that causes loss of the tooth-supporting apparatus, including periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Periodontitis is a major cause of tooth loss for aduhs. Periodontia reconstruction based on infection control is the key solution to periodontal treatment. For a successful clinical out-come, periodontal regeneration requires the coordinated response of multiple soft and hard tissues （ periodontal hgament, gingiva, cementum, and bone） during the wound-healing process. A critical requirement is the ability to promote the formation of functional perio- dontal attachment between regenerated alveolar bone, and newly formed cementum on the root surface. This review outlines the current advances in scaffold of periodontal tissue engineering, as well as its 3D structure, antibiosis and cementum regeneration. Progress on the development periodontal tissue engineering is in the early stages of development, the regeneration of cementum and periodontal ligament complex is still under research all over the world. The constructs need to be tested in large animal models and, ultimately, human clinical trials.