《侵权责任法》第67条的体系定位——关于数人环境污染侵权责任认定

System Position of Provision 67 of Tort Liability Law——On the Cognizance of Tort Liability of Environmental Pollution

作为数人环境污染侵权的责任确定条款,侵权责任法第67条实为数个加害人内部责任的最终分配规则。侵权责任法总体呈总则-分则-附则结构,其中8~14条作为总则性规定构成了一般数人侵权体系,67条的体系定位仍需与一般数人侵权规则相协调,尤其是在与一因一果（8~10条）及多因一果（11~12条）侵权体系相竞合时,责任成立及承担仍由总则中的一般性规则决定,数个加害人对应承担连带责任亦或按份责任,67条的作用仅为明确数个加害人内部责任份额大小提供细化标准。数个污染者内部责任份额大小的举证责任应归属于加害人,除却污染物种类及排放量之外的其他参考因素可有更为明确的范围,污染者最终责任份额大小的确定取决于上述因素组合而非单一因素考量。

As the term of the tort of environmental pollution committed by several persons which determines responsibilities,it is the rule to decide how much responsibility should infringers bear.The Tort Liability Law generally shows a structure of general rules-specifics-supplemental provisions,and provisions 8 to 14 provide a general rule on the establishment of the liability and the undertake of the liability of several tortfeasors.Positioning system of provision 67 should coordinate with it,especially when they coincide,the establishment of liability and the undertake of the liability should be decided by general rule;provision 67 plays a role in providing a standard to make the degree of responsibility more definite.The ambiguity of the burden of proof according to provision 67 should be given to tortfeasors;the causal relationship presumption of the establishment of liability should be integral,other reference factors except for the types of pollutants and discharge should be more definite,and to determine the degree of responsibility depends on all the above factors,rather than only one of them.