回归与重构——宋人治《诗》的两面

Regression and Reconstruction——the Both Sides of Song Dynasty Scholars Interpreting the Book of Songs

欧阳修主张探求诗人本意、圣人之志,张载主张置心平易、以意逆志,程朱派主张吟咏讽诵、兴发感触,杨简主张咏歌自足以兴起良心,勾勒出宋人治《诗》理念的两面。然而,回归文本只是宋人的口号,重构《诗》义才是宋人的目标。宋人常由《诗经》肆说义理,以符合社会的发展、民众的需求。汉人重章句训诂,宋人重义理阐发,实则皆看重《诗》义、轻视人情。宋人对《诗》学的贡献在于,他们通过回归《诗经》文本,重构《诗》义,建立起了《诗经》宋学体系。

OuyangXiu claimed that one scholar should seek the purpose of the writers and the moral standard of Confucius.Zhang Zai claimed that one scholar should read poems calmly and understand the authors by heart.Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi claimed that one should read poems repeatedly if he wants to deepen the understanding.Yang Jian claimed that one could raise his conscience by reading poems fully.The two concepts belong to Song dynasty scholars.But returning to the text was just a slogan,and their goal was reconstructing meaning.Song Dynasty scholars were keen on philosophical connotations and they did not care if these connotations violated the meaning of the poems.Unlike Song dynasty scholars,Han dynasty scholars and Tang dynasty scholars paid too much attention to dividing chapters and interpreting words.They also had something in common：paying too much attention to the meaning,and paying too little attention to the human feelings.The contribution of Song dynasty scholars to the book of songs is to establish a new interpretation system of the book by regression and reconstruction.