中国自闭症儿童家长教育服务模式探析——对现有模式的反思和再探索

A Probe into the Service Model for Parental Education During the Rehabilitation of Autistic Children in China

在自闭症儿童的康复服务领域,家长教育服务是透过对家长进行干预技巧培训助其掌握康复技能,以提升自闭症儿童的康复效果并减轻教养压力。中国内地针对自闭症儿童的家长教育服务尚处于起步阶段,虽有实证研究证明家长教育的有效性,但传授型的服务模式也引发了诸多质疑。本文针对中国内地现存的自闭儿家长教育服务模式、理念和专业关系进行批判性反思,进而提出新的合作型服务模式。新模式着眼于家长在服务中的需求和权能,注重在家长教育服务中家庭关系的维系以及与专家、团体和社区之间的协力合作,促进家长在此过程中知识技能的习得、亲职意义的探索和权能的提升。

In the service of autistic children＇ s rehabilitation, the service of parental education indicates im- proving autistic children＇ s rehabilitation and reducing parenting pressure by means of training autistic children＇ s parents and helping them grasp skills of interventions in their autistic children. China has just kicked off the ser- vice of parental education targeting autistic children, and in spite of its effectiveness based on empirical research, the transmissive education model has triggered much criticism. This study, based on critical reflections on the pr- esent model for the service of parental education targeting autistic children in China, its rationale and professional relationship, pmpeses a collaborative model for parental education. The new model centers on parents＇ needs and rights in the service of parental education, emphasizes parents＇ maintenance of family relationship and the coop- eration between parents, professionals, social groups and the commtmity, and timbers parents＇ acquisition of knowledge and skills, and their probe into parent-child experience.