张家港市学龄前儿童患龋情况及口腔健康行为分析

Analysis of dental caries and oral health behavior among preschool children in Zhangjiagang

目的了解张家港市学龄前儿童患龋情况及口腔健康行为,为龋病防治提供依据。方法采取分层、随机、整群抽样的方法,选择张家港市16所幼儿园的1 405名学龄前儿童,对其进行口腔检查并发放问卷,由家长填写后统一收回。结果学龄前儿童患龋率为61.99%,龋均为2.81,龋失补充填率为3.54%;男、女童患龋率分别为63.21%、60.63%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),城、乡患龋率分别为60.86%、63.36%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随着年龄的增长,患龋率升高,在不同年龄组间患龋率差异有统计学意义(χ2=39.470,P<0.05);3岁以前开始刷牙的儿童占30.25%,从长第一个牙就开始刷牙的仅占1.00%,18.78%的儿童只是偶尔刷牙甚至不刷牙。饮食方面仅有23.42%的儿童不在睡前吃甜食。睡前高频进食甜食和开始刷牙的年龄较大是儿童龋病发生的重要危险因素,结果均有统计学意义(χ2=9.740、14.913,P<0.05)。结论张家港市学龄前儿童的患龋率较高,口腔健康行为较差,应加强对儿童和家长的口腔健康教育。

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and oral health behavior among preschool children in Zhangjiagang,and to provide evidence for prevention of dental caries. Methods A total of 1 405 preschool children from16 preschools in Zhangjiagang were selected by the means of random,stratified and cluster sampling.Dental caries was diagnosed by oral examination and questionnaire survey was conducted among their parents.The results were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence rate of caries was 61.99%,the mean number of decayed,missed and filled teeth（dmft）was 2.81,the filled rate was 3.54%.The caries prevalence rate of boys and girls were 63.21% and 60.63%respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant（P〉0.05）.The rate of urban and rural was 60.86% and63.36% respectively,the difference was also not statistically significant（P〉0.05）.As the growth of the age,the rate also increased,there was statistically significant difference between different age groups（χ2=39.470,P〈0.05）.The ratio of children who began to brush their teeth before 3years old was 30.25%,but only 1.00%started brushing when they were 6months,While 18.78% brushed occasionally or even never brushed.The ratio of children who never ate sweet food before sleeping was only 23.42%.High frequency of eating sweet food before bedtime and began to brush teeth later were important risk factors for dental caries,the differences were both statistically significant（χ2=9.740,14.913,P〈0.05）. Conclusion The prevalence rate of caries among preschool children in Zhangjiagang is high,and their oral health behavior is poor,so it is necessary to strengthen oral health education for both children and parents.