罗祖教:禅宗民间宗教化的典型案例

The Luozu sect:a typical case of folk regionalization of Zen Buddhism

罗祖教,本名无为教,简称罗教。创成于明成化至正德间,创教人罗梦鸿。本文以赣南闽西罗祖教为中心,指出罗祖教是佛教禅宗的民间宗教化。罗祖教教义体系的核心就是禅净结合思想。开展仪式活动、编修宗谱是罗祖教的重要宗教实践。罗祖教的辈分制与佛教临济宗字派关系密切。世代沿用本门的辈分制与字派,成为民间宗教加强自我组织的有效方式。

The Luozu sect or the Luo sect of Buddhism, originally the Wuwei sect, was established by Luo Menghong in the period between the Chenghua Period and the Zhengde Period of the Ming dynasty. This research focuses on the Luo sect in west Fujian province and south Jiangxi province and concludes that this sect is the folk regionalization of Zen Buddhism. The core of the Luo sect is the integration of the Zen Buddhism and the Pure Land Buddhism. The rituals and the compilation of the genealogies are important religious activities of the Luo sect. Its sectarian hierarchy is closely related to the naming system of the Linjizong sect of Buddhism. The continuous use of the sectarian hierarchy or the naming system is an effective means for enhancing the folk religious organizations.