玉米流体穴播条件参数试验研究

Experimental study on parameters of maize fluid hill-drop seeding

以土壤含水量、种子浸泡时间、种液用量为试验变量,出苗率为试验指标,对玉米流体穴播条件进行了二次回归正交旋转组合试验。结果表明:土壤含水量、种液用量对出苗率影响显著,随着二者数值的增大种子出苗率提高,但二者的影响是非线性的,在二者数值较大时,对出苗率影响的变化趋势减缓并下降,表明土壤总含水量过高对种子萌发出苗不利;在试验条件下,土壤含水量为7.12%、种液浓度为0.15%时,单位面积种液用量应低于5.6 m3·hm^(-2)。种子浸泡时间对出苗率的影响不显著,但播前浸泡可缩短或略去种子在田间的吸水膨胀过程,使种子萌发出苗早。建立了确保玉米出苗率的种液用量与土壤含水量数学模型,依此模型可根据土壤含水量确定种液施用量。

Huid drilling is an effective way to save water against drought, ensure emergence, growth and yield of crops in arid and semi - arid areas. Quadrate orthogonal rotary regression experiment was carried out to explore suitable sowing condition parameters for maize fluid hill- drop sowing based on the effects of soil moisture content, soaking time of seeds and application rate of gel on emergence rate of maize. The gel tested was a mixture of water and super absorbent polymer of 0.15% in concentration and ＂Dongdan 60＂ maize seed, and the soil used was light brown soil taken from Qipanshan area of Shenyang City. The results showed that the soil moisture content and application rate of gel had significant effects on emergence, and the more they were, the higher the emergence rate became, though there was no linear relationship. The influence on emergence became decreased at high moisture content and application rate, indicating that excessive soil moisture content was unfavourable for emergence. The optimal soil moisture content, concentration of gel and gel application rate were 7.12%, 0.15% and 5.6 m^3 ·hm^-2, respectively. The seed soaking time did not have significant effect on emergence rate, but the seeds would germemate early when the seeds absorbed enough moisture during soaking. The mathematic model of gel application rate to soil moisture content was established. To ensure emergence rate through the use of this moedel, the rate could be adjusted accordlingly to a certain soil moisture content.