叶尔羌河流域1990—2010年生态环境变化特征

Features of eco-environmental changes in Yarkant River Basin from 1990 to 2010

利用叶尔羌河流域1990、2000年和2010年Landsat-TM影像数据和中巴资源卫星数据,结合GIS技术及生态环境状况指数计算方法,分析流域内1990—2010年流域生态环境变化特征。结果显示:1990—2010年,叶尔羌河流域生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数和土地退化指数分别减少4.53%、4.00%和3.56%,水网密度指数整体增高了3.71%;1990、2000年和2010年,叶尔羌河流域生态环境状况指数分别为34.94、34.77和34.32,均属于较差级别,受自然和人为因素的双重影响流域生态环境趋于退化。

This paper analyzed the land use change in Yarkant River Basin during recent 20 years using Landsat - TM and CBERS images from 1990, 2000, and 2010 combined with GIS and the ecological environment index calculation methods. The results showed that during the years from 1990-2010, the species richness index, vegetation coverage index and land degradation index were decreased by 4.53 %, 4.00% and 3.56%, respectively, while the water density index was increased by 3.71%. Additionally, the eco-environment condition indexes of Yarkant River Basin were 34.94, 34.77 and 34.32 in 1990,2000 and 2010, reaching a dissatisfactory level. The ecological environment became degraded by influences from both the natural and human activities.