蹴鞠的文化解读:足球作为中国传统体育项目的初始论证

Cultural Interpretation of Cuju:Initial Demonstration of the Football as a Chinese Traditional Sport

蹴鞠在中国一直呈现出传承有序的格局,具有清晰的历史存在序列。蹴鞠符合中国传统体育项目的条件。有关蹴鞠的起源一直存在黄帝说、殷商说和春秋战国说3种说法。中国古代蹴鞠在文献学、文物学、图像学的层面皆可得到验证,国际足联为此而多次宣称足球起源于中国。但是,大多数中国人仍然习惯于否人中国是足球创始国的地位,造成这种现象的原因有很多,其要点在于文化的惯性。蹴鞠虽源于先秦时代,却在后世的演化过程得中凝结大量儒家文化的内涵,其含蓄的竞技过程、中庸化的竞技理念、纯表演性的杂技意识,都充满了古典意蕴,而与蹴鞠相匹配的文化元素是花园、庭院以及其他市井化的文化景观。现代足球则具有专业性、对抗性和制胜性的特征,寄托着欧洲逻各斯主义中抵抗零和游戏的特殊价值,两者共同完成了世界性足球文化的构建事宜。

Cuju（Chinese football in ancient times） showed a pattern of orderly heritage in China. It obviously existed in Chinese history and coincides with the elements of Chinese traditional sports. The origin of Cuju has three versions of Huang Di,the Shang Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Warring States.The ancient Chinese Cuju has been verified in literature study, science of cultural relics and image science.FIFA has repeatedly claimed that football originates in China. But most of the Chinese people used to deny the fact that football first appeared in China. This phenomenon is due to many reasons, especially cultural inertia.Though Cuju originated in pre-Qin times, it accumulated lots of the connotation of Confucian culture in the later evolution process. Its unique implicit competition, mean competitive concept and acrobatic consciousness of pure performance are full of classical implication.And Cuju usually matched the cultural elements of garden, courtyard and other civic cultural landscape. Modern football is characterized by professionalism, antagonism and winning. It is entrusted with the special value of zero-sum game in European logocentrism. Together, Cuju and football have completed the construction of world football culture.