全球性大国不是什么--新兴大国应当警惕的三种发展倾向

What Is Not the Global Power——Three Development Tendencies the Emerging Powers Should Stay Alert To

对于当代以美国为代表的超级大国,谢尔登·沃林从福利化、公司化和极权化三个层面展开深入的批判。在他看来,强势的福利国家会引发公民危机,造成公共领域急剧萎缩,致使政治被经济绑架;越界的公司化国家模糊了政治与经济的传统界限,结果经济与政治同化,公民被弱化甚至虚化;"颠倒的极权国家"则导致被删除的公民、被豁免的权限、被颠倒的极权主义、被阉割的公民教育、被无限驱动的扩张本能的出现。警惕大国发展的歧路,是沃林国家观的最大启示。

For the contemporary superpowers represented by the US, Sheldon Wolin has done a thorough criticism of them from the welfare, corporatization, and totalitarianism perspectives. In his view, a strong welfare state will lead to the crisis of citizens, resulting in the public domain reducing sharply and politics being kidnapped by the economy; a cross-domain corporatized state blurs the traditional political and economic boundaries, causing the economy and politics to assimilate each other and the citizens to be weakened and even become insubstantialized; an inverted totalitarian state will lead to the demobilization of the citizenry, immunized authority, inverted totalitarianism, castrated civic education, and limitlessly driven expansive instinct. Staying alert to the development cross-road of great powers is the biggest insight gained from Wolin＇s outlook on nation.