东北地区先秦时代车马具研究

Research of Chariot Fittings and Harnesses of Pre-Qin Period in Northeast China

一、前言中国东北地区青铜器文化的相关研究历来备受学界瞩目,特别是关于夏家店上层文化和十二台营子文化以及与之相关的琵琶形铜剑等个别青铜器研究均相当活跃(1)。然而针对中国东北地区出土数量众多的马具或推测为马具的遗物虽有所研究,但专题性的研究却十分鲜见。

The pre-Qin period chariot fittings and harnesses of multiple bronze cultures were unearthed in Liaoxi and Liaozhong areas. Pre-Qin chariot fittings and harnesses were discovered in a total of 20 sites in northeast region. Typologically, the chariot fittings and harnesses from northeast region can be distinguished between the Upper Xiajiadian Culture and Shiertaiyingzi Culture from the end of the Western Zhou period to the beginning of the Spring-and-Autumn period. The influence of the chariot fittings and harnesses of Upper Xiajiadian Culture expanded to the steppe in northern China. On the other hand, after a long time of independent development, the chariot fittings and harnesses of the Shiertaiyingzi Culture were also affected by the culture of central China in the Warring-States period. While most of these stuffs retained the traditional style, some components of them, such as the horse bit and the cover of chariot axis, reflected the influence from the central culture style during the middle and end of the Warring-State period.