我国司法鉴定体制改革研究

The System Reform of Forensic Apppraisal

目前我国司法鉴定体制主要存在以下问题:宏观上,《决定》构建的司法鉴定管理体制统一化,由于旧有的管理体制部门化的阻力,名存实亡;微观上,在司法鉴定活动中,鉴定机构趋利化问题严重,既损害了司法鉴定的权威与公正,也成为滋生司法腐败和司法掮客的温床;行业协会管理也是司法鉴定管理体制的重要内容,目前协会组织还不健全,管理作用还不明显,其与行政管理的关系有待廓清。针对以上问题,在考察了英美法系与大陆法系典型国家的经验的基础上,结合对我国问题的分析,提出以下解决建议:取消侦查部门对司法鉴定的管理权,实现司法鉴定管理的统一化;应当重视司法鉴定机构的准司法性,矫正鉴定机构的过度市场化,强调其公益性特征,发挥国家"有形手"的作用,提供物质和政策保障;充分发挥行业协会的管理作用,厘清其与司法行政权的关系,强化对司法鉴定的监督机制建设;适应以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革,消除审判对司法鉴定的"依赖症"。《司法鉴定法》的制定势在必行。

There mainly exist the following problems in the current forensic appraisal system in China. unified administrative system of forensic appraisal built on the ＂Decision＂ exists only in name due to old management system. On the micro level, in forensic appraisal activities, the fact that appraisal On the macro level, a the resistance from the institutions seek profit becomes a serious problem. This not only undermines the authority and impartiality of forensic appraisal, but has also become a breeding ground for corruption in the judiciary and judicial brokers. Industry associations are also an important part of the current forensic appraisal administration system. At present, the structure of the association is not perfect, the administrative role is not clear, its relationship with the administration is to be clarified. To solve the above problems, the author examines the practice of some countries in common law and civil law, to sum up some of the understanding of the laws. On this basis, with the analysis of the problem of our country, the author makes the following proposals. We should deprive the authority of the investigation department to administrate forensic appraisal institutions so as to achieve the unified administration of forensic appraisal. We should pay attention to the quasi-judicial nature of forensic institutions, and correct the over-market-oriented trend of appraisal institutions and emphasize the public service characteristics. In this regard, the government should play the role as a ＂visible hand＂ in providing physical and institutional support. We should let industry associations to play full