5种中草药对凡纳滨对虾生长和抗病力的影响

Effects of Five Species of Chinese Herbs on the Growth and Disease-resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei

[目的]研究不同中草药对凡纳滨对虾生长和抗病的影响,为对虾的健康养殖提供科学依据。[方法]将黄芪、板蓝根、柴胡、甘草和茯苓经超微粉碎后,分别添加1.5%到基础饲料中,饲喂凡纳滨对虾35 d,研究其对凡纳滨对虾的生长、成活率、饲料系数、消化酶活力、非特性免疫指标及感染WSSV后的抗病力的影响。[结果]各组凡纳滨对虾的增重率和特定生长率大小顺序均为茯苓组>黄芪组>甘草组>柴胡组>板蓝根组>对照组。各组饵料系数的大小顺序为茯苓组<黄芪组<甘草组<柴胡组<板蓝根组<对照组。各组对虾存活率的大小顺序为板蓝根组>柴胡组>甘草组>黄芪组>茯苓组>对照组。不同中草药对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺消化酶活性的影响不同。各组淀粉酶大小顺序为茯苓组>甘草组>黄芪组>板蓝根组>柴胡组>对照组;各组脂肪酶大小顺序为甘草组>茯苓组>黄芪组>对照组>柴胡组>板蓝根组;各组蛋白酶大小顺序为茯苓组>黄芪组>甘草组>板蓝根组>对照组>柴胡组。5种中草药对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺非特异性免疫力有影响,其中黄芪组和甘草组对虾的AKP、ACP、POD和SOD活力较高。感染WSSV后,各组凡纳滨对虾的半致死时间顺序为柴胡组>板蓝根组>黄芪组>甘草组>茯苓组>对照组,各组存活率大小顺序为柴胡组>黄芪组>板蓝根组>甘草组>茯苓组>对照组。[结论]中草药制剂可以明显提高凡纳滨对虾的生长和抗病力。其中,茯苓的促生长作用较佳,而黄芪、板蓝根、柴胡和甘草可以明显提高其抗病力。

[ Objective ] To study the effects of different Chinese herb on the growth and disease-resistance of Litopennaus vannamei and provide scientific basis for the healthy culture of L. vanmtmei. [ Method] 1.5% Astraogalus membranaceus var. mongholicus, lsatis indigotica Fortune, Bupleurum chinense, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Wolfiporia cocos were added in the basal diet after superfine comminution to feed L. vannamei for 35 d. Their effects on the growth, survival rate, feed coefficient, digestive enzyme activity, non-specific immune indices, and disease-resist- ance after infecting WSSV of L. vannamei were studied. [ Result ] The weight gain rate and specific growth rate orders of L. vannamei in test groups were W. cocos group 〉A. membranaceus group 〉 G. uralensis group 〉 B. chinense group 〉 I. indigotica group 〉 control group. The feed coefficient order of L. vannamei in test groups was W. cocos group 〈 A. membranaceus group 〈 G. uralensis group 〈 B. chinense group 〈 I. indig- otica group 〈 control group. The survival rate order of L. vannamei in test groups was I. indigotica group 〉 B. chinense group 〉 G. uralensis group 〉 A. membranaceus group 〉 W. cocos group 〉 control group. Five species of L. vannamei had different effects on the activities of digestive enzymes in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei. The amylase activity order of L. vannamei in test groups was W. cocos group 〉 G. uralensis group 〉 A. membranaceus group 〉 1. indigotica group 〉 B. chinense group 〉 control group. The lipase activity order of L. vannamei in test groups was G. uralensis group 〉 W. cocosgroup 〉 A. membranaceus group 〉 control group 〉 B. chinense group 〉 L indigotica group. The protease activity or- der of L. vannamei in test groups was W. cocos group 〉 A. membranaceus group 〉 G. uralensis group 〉 1. indigotica group 〉 control group ;〉 B. chinensegroup. Five species of L. vannamei influenced the non-specific immune indices of L. vannamei. The actives of AKP, ACP, POD and SOD in L. vannamei in A. membranaceus group and G. uralensis group were higher. The median lethal time order of L. vannamei infected with WSSV in test groups was B. chinense group 〉 I. indigotica group 〉 A. membranaceus group 〉 G. uralensis group 〉 W. cocos group 〉 control group. The survival rate order of L. vannamei in test groups was B. chinense group 〉 A. membranacetts group 〉 L indigotica group 〉 G. uralensis group 〉 W. cocos group 〉 control group. [ Conclusion I Chinese herbal preparations can significantly improve the growth and disease-resistance of L. vannamei. Among these Chinese herbs, the growth-promoting effect of W. cocos is the best, and A. raembranaceus, I. indigotica, B. chinense and G. uralensis can significantly improve the disease-resistance of L. vannamei.