黔东南州有机蓝莓园病虫害发生情况调查

Diseases and Pests Occurrence of Organic Blueberry Plantation in Qiandongnan

［目的］了解黔东南州有机蓝莓园病虫害的发生情况，为促进蓝莓有机化产业健康稳定发展奠定基础。［方法］于2013~2015年对贵州省黔东南州有机蓝莓园病虫害种类和危害特点进行了系统调查。［结果］共发现害虫种类6目26科148种，其中黑腹果蝇、大窠蓑蛾、越橘巢蛾和金龟子幼虫（蛴螬）为主要害虫；病害种类有7种，包括真菌病害4种、病毒病2种和生理性病害1种，其中真菌病害有蓝莓根腐病、蓝莓灰霉病、蓝莓枝条枯萎病和蓝莓叶枯病，病毒病害有蓝莓枯焦病毒病和蓝莓花叶病毒病，生理性病害为蓝莓红叶病。该园主要病虫为害蓝莓的根、茎、叶、花和果实，导致植株萎蔫、枯死或脱落。［结论］研究结果为黔东南州有害生物的生态控制提供了理论依据。

[ Objective ] The aim was to understand diseases and pests occurrence of organic blueberry plantation in Qiandongnan to lay the basis for healthy and stable development of blueberry organic industry. [ Method ] We investigated the species and damage characteristics of diseases and pests of organic blueberry orchard in Qiandongnan, Guizhou Province from 2013 to 2015. [ Result] The pests included six orders, 25 families and 148 species, and the dominant species concentrated on the groups of Drosophila rnelanogaster, Chmia variegata, Sardoscelis spenias Meyrick, chafer grub etc. Four fungi disease and two bacteria disease and one physiological disease of blueberry were found in Qian- dongnan area including Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Phomopsis sp. , Pestalotiopsis clavispora, withered, mosaics and rougeot. The main diseases and insect pests damaged blueberries root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit, and wilting, dying plants occurred in or fall off. [ Conclusion] The results provide theoretical basis for ecological control of harmful organisms in Qiandongnan.