能源革命背景下我国煤层气产业政策研究

Study on China coal bed methane industrial policy under background of energy revolution

从20世纪70年代末开始,我国开始将煤层气作为一种能源进行开采,至今已有30多年的历史。近年来页岩气、致密砂岩气迅速发展,非常规能源正在引发新一轮的能源革命。我国煤层气储量居世界第三,2013年我国煤层气抽采量为156亿m^3,2014年产量估计约为160万m^3,2015年预计产量可达180万亿m^3。发展煤层气对于煤矿安全开采和煤炭资源综合利用有重要意义,我国出台了一系列相关的优惠政策,其中国家发展和改革委员会发布国家"十一五""十二五"煤层气开发利用规划,使得煤层气产业快速发展。但我国煤层气产业依然存在一些有待解决的问题,如:煤层气矿业权问题始终没有解决;政府投入力度不足,煤层气开采并不经济;煤层气开采地质条件对比美国、加拿大等国家,地质条件复杂,勘探开采难度大等。就当今能源革命背景下我国煤层气发展过程存在的问题提出相关建议,对部分政策的调整将有利于煤层气产业健康快速的发展。

Since the end of 1970＇s in the 20 Century,the coal bed methane in China as one kind of the energy was mined and up to now,the coal bed methane mining had a history over 30 years.In the recent years,the shale gas and tight sandstone gas as the kinds of the energy were rapidly developed and the unconventional energy are causing a new round energy revolution.China coal bed methane reserves is taken the third place of the world,the drainage production of China coal bed methane in 2013 was 15.6 billion m3,the gas drainage production in 2014 was estimated to be about 160 trillion m3 and the estimated gas production in 2015 would be 180 trillion m3.The development of the coal bed methane would have importance significances to the safety mining in the coal mine and the comprehensive utilization of the coal resources.A series of related preferential policies was issued in China,including the ＂11th Five Years＇ and 12 th Five Years＂ coal bed methane development and utilization plan were issued by the National development and Reform Commission and thus the coal bed methane industry was rapidly developed.There were some problems to be solved existed in China coal bed methane industry,such as the mining right of the coal bed methane was not solved yet.The input intensity of the Government was not sufficient and the coal bed methane mining was not economic.In comparison with the mining geological conditions of the coal bed methane in USA,Canada and other countries,the geological condition in China was more complicate and the exploration and mining in China would be more difficulty.Under the background of the present energy revolution,the related proposals were provided on the problems existed in the development process of China coal bed methane and the adjustments on some policies would be favorable to the health and rapid development of the coal bed methane industry.