公民特质、国家治理与“好公民”培育:中国国家治理现代化的公民身份条件

Citizens Qualities, National Governance and "Good Citizen" Nurturing:the Citizenship Condition of Chinese National Governance Modernization

国家是公民的集合体,国家治理是公民的事业,公民身份的发展及公民特质的养成影响着公民文化的建构和国家治理文化基础的形成。在公民身份发展历史中,主要形成了两种"好公民"观,即共和主义公民观和自由主义公民观,二者优劣并存,前者注重奉献、责任和认同,同时也遮蔽了个体的自由和权利,后者注重权利、平等和私利,却忽略了公共生活的价值。个体和共同体是国家治理的两面,当代中国所推行的国家治理体系和治理能力现代化对"好公民"的要求既不能因公益而废权利,也不能以权利而否定公益,应对二者进行有效调适和整合,建构起与国家治理民主化、法治化、规范化相适应的公民身份特质。

The State is a collection which is constituted by the citizens. National governance is the cause of citizens, and the development of citizenship and the cultivating of civic qualities affects the construction of civic culture and the formation of national governance’s cultural basis. In the history of the development of citizenship, mainly forming two ＂good citizen＂ concepts, republican citizenship and liberal citizenship, both pros and cons of co-existence,the former focusing on the dedication, responsibility and recognition, but also obscured the individual freedom and rights, the latter focusing on rights, equality and self-interest, but it also ignores the value of public life. Individual and community are two sides of the national governance, the ＂good citizen＂ required by Chinese national governance systems and governance capacity modernization that neither due to public interest and neglect of the rights, nor due to the rights and deny the public service, it should be adapted and integrated to the two ＂good citizen＂ concepts,constructing the citizenship qualities which are adapting with Chinese national governance’s democratization, rule of law and standardization.