毛乌素沙地气候分析及沙地面积变化

Climate Analysis and Area Change of Sandy Land in Maowusu

本文以位于毛乌素沙地腹地乌审旗为例,通过野外调查、室内分析、"3S"技术应用等多种手段,对毛乌素沙地乌审旗境内50年气温、降水、大风、沙尘暴变化规律进行分析,利用卫星遥感提取出近10年乌审旗境内沙地面积动态变化。结果表明:50年来毛乌素沙地所在区域气温整体呈增温趋势;降水量60年代到90年代呈减少趋势,2000年之后降水有增多趋势;60年代和2000年后降水波动大,旱涝明显;大风、沙尘暴日数呈明显减少趋势,起沙频率显著下降;遥感动态监测结果显示,2004年至2013年的10年间,毛乌素沙地乌审旗境内面积较2000年前明显缩减。

This paper takes Maowusu Sandy Land in Wushen County as an example. Through field investigation, laboratory analysis, and ＂3S＂ technology application, analyzes the 50 years of temperature, precipitation, strong wind and sandstorm variation on the territory of Maowusu Sandy Land in Wushen County, and uses the satellite remote sensing to extract the nearly 10 years sandy land area dynamic change in Wushen County. The results showed that the temperature in Maowusu Sand Land area has an overall warming trend in the past 50 years; the precipitation from 1960s to 1990s showed a decreasing trend, and it has an increasing trend; the fluctuation of precipitation was high in 1960s and after 2000, drought and flood was obvious; the wind and sandstorm days were obviously reduced, sandstorm frequency decreased significantly. Remote sensing dynamic monitoring results showed that the sand area of Maowusu Sand Land in Wushen County was significantly reduced between 2004 and 2013 compared to 2000.