公共物品视角下中国国家公园公益性实现途径

Realization Ways of Public Welfare of China's National Park from the Perspective of Public Goods

本文以公共物品视角分析了国家公园的公益属性,指出其内涵是让全体民众共同享有国家公园生态系统服务带来的福祉。对应国家公园的两大目标,将其分为两个层次下的三种物品类型——纯公共物品、俱乐部物品和私人物品,并根据物品类型和我国国情提出政府、市场、第三部门多元供给方案。进而建议国家公园制度设计要明确政府在国家公园物品供给中的主体地位,建立健全有效的市场激励与约束机制,培育引导第三部门参与国家公园事业。

This paper analyses the public welfare property of national park from the perspective of public goods, points out its connotation is to let all people share the well-being of national park＇s ecosystem service. Corresponding to the two goals of national park, the national park goods can be divided into two levels of three types - pure public goods, club goods and private goods, and the multi-supply scheme involving government, market and the third sector is put forward, depending on the types of goods and the situation of our country. Then suggestion is given that national park system design should make the government＇s main body status clear in the supply of national park goods, establish a sound and effective incentive and constraint mechanism of market, cultivate and guide the third sector to participate in the national park career.