生态线索·山地城镇化的生态安全保障思考——以陕北黄土丘陵沟壑地区延安市为例

Ecological Cues, and Thinking of Ecological Security of Mountain Urbanization——The Case of Yan'an City in the Loess Hilly and Gully Region of Northern Shaanxi

受土地资源约束,更多山地区域城市(镇)空间拓展转向"向山要地"的趋势已不容忽视。在山地区域以生态线索为依据,尊重自然生态环境要素特征,避免生态安全隐患,科学地开展城市建设,对于保障城镇化战略的进一步实施有着极为重要的意义。基于延安城镇化推进过程中面临的现状问题分析,借鉴云南省、重庆市和湖北省十堰市等类似的山地城镇化实践经验,以生态为导向,尝试提出了山地城镇化的建设思路和具体策略;并以延安城市建设为例,结合区域生态格局要素,提出了基于小流域汇水自然特征保护的"分散式"空间布局形态、基于水土流失防治的淤池坝综合利用、"挖建填避"策略导向的建筑布局模式以及城市功能整合引导人口再分布4项具体的山地城镇空间建构模式。以期为中国山地城镇化过程提供有益的思路。

Under the restriction of land resources, it can＇t be ignored that more cities （towns） in mountainous region are expanding space to mountain. It is very important to ensure the development of the urbanization strategy, avoid hidden ecological safety hazards, development of city construction on the basis of ecological cues. This paper bases on the analysis of the problems of development of Yan＇an urbanization, draw on the experience of similar mountain urbanization practices in Yunnan Province, Chongqing City and Shiyan City of Hubei Province Shiyan City, etc. It tries to put forward the construction ideas and strategies of the mountain urbanization under the ecological approach. Taking Yan＇an city construction as an example, combined with the regional ecological pattern elements, it puts forward four specific mountain urban space construction modes, namely the decentralized space layout bases on protecting the catchment characteristics of small watershed, integrated of silt dam pool utilization based on the prevention and control of soil erosion, the layout of the building model under the excavation and filling- back strategy, and city function integration guided population redistribution, in order to provide useful ideas for China＇s mountain urbanization process.