不同尺度下国家级风景名胜区规模分布特征探究

Study on the Distribution Character of National Famous Scenic Site in Different Scales

运用首位度理论、分形理论、位序—规模理论,对全国、三大区域、省份3个尺度下的国家级风景名胜区规模分布及变化趋势进行分析。结果表明:全国和三大区域尺度下的国家级风景名胜区规模分布属于过渡分布,但在一定规模门槛上趋于位序—规模分布。全国国家级风景名胜区规模分布隐含着双分结构,其高位次景区规模分布集中,且呈现均衡利用的趋势,而低位次景区规模悬殊;三大区域中,东部景区门槛规模最大,利用水平最高,西部景区规模分布悬殊,中部景区规模分布最为均衡;省域尺度上,各省国家级风景名胜区规模分布首位比普遍较高,并呈下降趋势,首位比下降较快的省份更倾向有更快的规模增长速率。结论可为新时期中国风景名胜区结构优化以及未来国家公园体系的建立提供参考。

In order to provide a new perspective and practice case of size distribution theory, as well as the suggestions for system planning, structural optimization and future establishment of the system of national famous scenic site in the new era, the authors analyzed the distribution and trends of national famous scenic site from national, three major regional and provincial scales. Based on inbound tourists statistics of national famous scenic site from 1999 to 2010, the authors use the law of the primate theory, fractal theory, and rank-scale theory. The results show that： from the national and the three major regional perspective, the distribution of national famous scenic site is transitional distribution, and tends to rank-size distribution In the national scale, the national famous scenic site implies bipartite structure. The large scenic presents the balanced trend and the small ones present disparity which have a greater potential for development. From the three major regional perspective, the eastern scenic area has the highest level of development with the largest thresholds, the western scenic area has the largest disparity- and the distribution of central scenic is most balanced. From the provincial perspective, the primate degrees of provincial national famous scenic site generally are high and trend to decline. The scenic area that has a faster decline of primate degree trends to have a faster growth of scale.