20世纪西方城市设计理论的批判性发展回顾

A REVIEW OF THE CRITICAL HISTORY OF THE 20TH CENTURY WESTERN URBAN DESIGN THEORY

20世纪西方城市设计理论呈批判性发展的脉络。本文分三个阶段展开论述。本文首先陈述了19世纪末西特对城市空间美学缺失的批判及城市设计艺术准则的提出;随后分析了20世纪初城市空间美学被忽视、以功能主义为代表的现代城市设计理论的发展及其影响;最后分析了20世纪下半叶以来在批判以功能主义的基础上,城市设计理论回归关注城市空间形式,从不同的角度入手发展出城市类型学、城市形态学、建筑符号学等城市设计理论。对城市空间形态美学的探索则从未中断过。

This article reviews the 3 stages of the critical history of the 20th century western urban design theory. The Ist stage is the end of the 19th century when Camiio Sitte criticized the loss of aesthetics in urban space and advocated the urban design should follow artistic principles. At the 2rnd stage of the beginning of the 20th century, Sitte＇s aesthetic advocacy was over looked. Dominant was the Functionalism and other modern urban design theories. At the 3rd stage since 1950s, as Functionalism was largely criticized, targeted to solve the problems such as monotonous urban spaces caused by which, architectural semiotics, urban typology and urban morphology theories were developed. The study on the art principles of the urban space form started from Sitte had never been terminated throughout the century. This critical essence is crucial to contemporary Chinese urban design theory and practice. KEYWORD$： western urban design theory, critical history, the 20th century