光温调控对切花菊“优香”养分利用及品质的影响

Effect of Light and Temperature Control Techniques on Nutrition Use and Product Quality of Cut Chrysanthemum ‘Yuka'

光照与温度影响着切花菊的花芽分化进程,是切花菊畸形花形成的主要环境因子。如何在夏季高温期有效调控设施内的光照与温度对减少畸形花率、提高产品出成率及保鲜期具有重要意义。现以解决企业关键技术需求为出发点,以夏秋菊品种"优香"为试材,在设施生产条件下,利用温湿度自动监控系统、光温调控设施进行了遮光、降温处理,旨在为高温期的切花菊生产光温调控技术提供支撑。结果表明:采收期遮光与降温处理(8 127kg/hm^2)与未调控处理(6 270kg/hm^2)相比,地上部干物质累积量差异不显著,但切花菊的吸磷量显著增加了7.1kg/hm^2,氮和钾的吸收量差异不显著。经光温调控后,切花菊畸形花率由未调控下的42.5%降低至20.1%,外观品质基本一致,清水瓶插寿命延长了2~3d。基于自动温湿度监控系统的切花菊设施生产光温调控技术对切花菊外观品质影响不大,且在未影响切花菊正常干物质累积及养分利用的前提下,可有效降低花朵畸形花率、提高保鲜期和优级花的产出。

Light and temperature affect the bud differentiation process and are main environmental factors resulting in abnormal flower of cut chrysanthemum.How to control light and temperature effectively under protected condition during high temperature period in summer is very important for reducing abnormal flower rate,increasing product yield and prolonging vast life of cut chrysanthemum.So this study was based on the company demand of key technique,chose‘Yuka＇as test variety（variety of summer-autumn）,using temperature-humidity auto detect system and light-temperature control facility under protected conditions,and to provide support for light-temperature control technique of cut chrysanthemum during high temperature period.The results showed that compared with non-control treatment（6 270kg/hm2）,aboveground dry matter accumulation of shading and temperature decreasing treatment（8 127kg/hm2）didn＇t change dramatically;but uptake of P was increased 7.1kg/hm2 dramatically;uptake of N and K changed little.After light-temperature controlled,abnormal flower rate of cut chrysanthemum was decreased to 20.1%（non-treatment was 42.5%）,appearance quality maintained similar,but vase life in water prolonged 2-3days.Our results showed that,light-temperature control techniques based on temperature-humidity auto detect system under protected condition didn＇t affect appearance quality of cut chrysanthemum and didn＇t affect dry matter accumulation and most nutrients use.However,it could effectively decrease abnormal flower rate,increase vase life and high quality flower yield.