高级人民法院“司法解释性文件”的功能分析

A Functional Analysis on Judicial Interpretations of Chinese Higher People's Courts

近年来,地方法院制定司法解释性文件的现象较为普遍。这其中,高级法院的司法解释性文件是通过满足上级法院与下级法院的需求,从而发挥着一种"承上启下"的功能。对上,高级法院制定司法解释性文件的活动,一定程度上缓解了最高法院司法解释的供给压力;对下,高级法院的司法解释性文件又不同程度地满足了下级法院法律适用的需求,继而使得下级法院与高级法院在法律适用方面的一体化程度增强。2015年修订后的《立法法》仍延续着既往司法解释制度一味强调"堵"住地方法院司法解释资源供给的思路,但现实生活中由于正式的司法解释资源不能满足法律适用的需求,仍旧大量出现地方法院的司法解释性文件,导致了对现行司法解释制度目标——法律适用统一性的"内卷化"效应。解决这一矛盾的出路,需要反思现行司法解释制度,实现对高级法院司法解释的权力配置由"堵"到"疏"的方向转变。

It is common in recent years that Chinese local courts make judicial interpretations. Judicial interpretations of higher people＇s courts serve as important connecting links between the Chinese Supreme People＇s Court and lower courts. Higher people＇s courts judicial interpretations relieve the Chinese Supreme People＇s Court＇s pressure ofmaking formal judicial interpretations, meanwhile, satisfy the needs of applying law from lower courts and enhance the integration between higher people＇s courts and lower courts in terms of law application. The newly amended Legislation Law of the People＇s Republic of China in 2015 sticks to the past principle of banning local courts from making formal judicial interpretations. However, the limited allowed judicial interpretations dissatisfy the needs of local courts in law application, and consequently there still emerge a large number of judicial interpretations made by local courts. Therefore, the phenomenon of involution appears in the process of attaining the target of uniform law application. Finally, a solution to the judicial interpretive rules＇involution is to permit higher people＇s courts to make formal judicial interpretations.