明儒李呈祥的知行分合论

The Theoy of “Division/Combination of Knowledge and Practice” by Ming Philosopher Li Chengxiang

王阳明提出知行合一说后,同时代不少学者都有批评。南直隶池州府贵池县的理学家李呈祥是湛若水的门人,且与王阳明有过接触,对阳明知行合一说既有阐发,也有批评,认为知行既合一又对立有所分别,提出知行分合论。李呈祥的知行分合论,既受阳明知行合一说的影响,却又坚持从对待义来看知行,坚持朱熹的知先行后论,在朱熹与王阳明的知行观间采取了折衷的态度。通过以分合论知行,李呈祥强调知行之间既对立又统一的关系,以此解决知行合一论强调本体合一与论证时需要分疏的矛盾。

When the philosopherWang Yangming put forward the slogan of ＂unity of knowledge and practice＂ （ zhixing heyi ） , lots of his contemporaries criticized, including Li Chengxiang, who was from the Guiehi County, Chizhou prefecture. As a disciple of Zan Roushui, Li Chengxiang was also influenced by Wang Yangming. Li＇ s theory of ＂division/combination of knowledge and practice＂ , seems a compromise expression between Wang＇ s theory of ＂unity of knowledge and practice＂ and the opposite theory of ＂knowledge first, then practice＂ （zhixian xinghou） of Song philosopher Zhu Xi, but it can successfully avoid the conflict between the unity and distinguish of the two concepts.