阿尔金山自然保护区植物群落生物量和物种多样性的空间格局及其影响因素

Spatial patterns of plant community biomass and species diversity in Aerjin Mountain Nature Reserve and their influencing factors

以阿尔金山国家级自然保护区的植物群落为研究对象,用样方法调查分析了不同植物群落的物种多样性、生物量的空间格局及其与环境因子间的关系。结果表明:西南高海拔地区主要植被类型为高寒草原,东北低海拔地区主要植被类型为沼泽草甸和高寒草原,西北部中海拔和东南低海拔区域的植被类型则主要为高寒荒漠;植物群落的物种多样性和生物量并未表现出明显的纬度、经度和海拔梯度变化;植物群落的多样性指数与土壤全氮、土壤总碳、土壤有机碳呈显著正相关,与土壤含水量呈极显著正相关;植物生物量与土壤有机碳和土壤含水量呈显著正相关,与土壤全氮呈极显著正相关,与土壤容重呈显著负相关。综上,阿尔金山保护区内植物群落生物多样性与生物量的空间分异是地理因子、土壤因子以及气象条件等综合作用的结果,在保护区尺度上土壤和气象因子对植物群落的影响超过地理因子的影响。

Spatial patterns of plant species diversity and plant biomass and their relationships with environmental factors in Aerjin Mountain Nature Reserve （AMNR） were examined in this study. The results indicated that alpine steppe was the major vegetation type in high altitude areas of the southwestern AMNR, swamp meadow and alpine steppe were the major vegetation types in low altitude areas of the northeastern AMNR, and alpine desert was the major vegetation type in middle altitude areas of the northwestern AMNR and low altitude areas of the southeastern AM- NR. The species diversity and biomass of plant communities did not vary significantly with the lat- itude, longitude and altitude gradients. The species diversity index of the plant community was positively correlated to soil total nitrogen, total carbon, organic carbon, and soil moisture. The vegetation biomass of the plant community was positively correlated to soil total nitrogen, soil or- ganic carbon and soil moisture, and negatively correlated to soil bulk density. The integrated effects of geographic, soil and meteorological factors contributed to the spatial heterogeneity of species biodiversity and vegetation biomass of the plant communities in AMNR, and the impacts of soil and meteorological factors were much stronger than that of geographical factors.